Gelatin treatment



" Patented May 16,1939

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

arsam onm'rm rana'rm'r m r. Grettle, Chicago. m., assignor to mdnstrlal eorporationolDela Patents Oorporatlomflhloago, 111., a

ware

No Drawing. Application August 23, 1988, Serial No. 828.327

14 Claims. (i. 99-180 One of the objects 01' this invention is to provide a new gelatin product of improved whipping qualities. 7

Another object of this invention is-to provide a method tor improving the whipping qualities of 10 gelatin for use in such products as marshmallows without adversely affecting the viscosity or the jelly strength of the gelatin.

The present invention contemplates deaminization oi gelatin by the conversion of the free amino ll groups-in the gelatin-molecule to alcohol groups.

Deaminization of gelatin which is incorporated into a marshmallow formula results in obtaining a fast whip to produce a-smooth, firm, iind light product. The marshmallow will set rapidly and go remains firm but tine textured and palatable aiter aging. The present invention may be practiced by adding nitrites to gelatin containing some i'ree acid. The free acid liberates nitrous acid which acts upon the free amino groups in the gelatin g5 molecule.

strength. Such treatment 01' gelatin has little efl'ect upon the viscosity, the changes in viscosity being no more than that which would be expected due to changes in the pH of the treated gelatin. Table A which follows clearly substantiates these statements:

The eil'ect oi the treatment of gelatin with sodium'nitrite imparts to the gelatin a somewhat 50 darker color thanthe color of the original gelatin.

The dark color may be removed or partially bleached by treating the gelatin with a strong reducing agent, such as sulphurous acid or hyposulphites.

5 Commercial gelatin is prepared by drying gelatin liquor obtained by extracting gelatin i'rom suitable stock, such as bones, hide trimmings. and

the like. In the use of commercial gelatin, water is added to form a colloidal solution or dispersion. Although I have practiced this invention on gelatin liquor, in the examples which follow deaminization was efiected on commercial gelatin to which water had been added prior to incorporating the gelatin dispersion in the marshmallow formulas.

The comparative eiiects oi the treatment of gelatin with sodium nitrite and with sodium nitrite followed by sulphurous acid on the whipping qualities of gelatin ior use in marshmallow formulas are set forth in Table B:

Table B Weight per gallon oi marshmallow whip alter the iollo time intervals 0 Sample whipping 8 minutes 12 minutes Marshmallow formula containing an acid Pounds Pound:

cured gelatin #2 (pH not adjusted) ii. in 2. 86 Same exoe t elatin was treated with .2

milliequ va ent of NEiN0| per gram oi gelatin in 14 per cent solution 22 hours- 2. 81 2. 78 Same axeepvtn elatin was treated with .2

mllliequ ent oi NaNO per gram in 14 per cent solution 6 hours-men 16 hours with .2 mllliequivalent oi H180; per gram of gelatin r 2. TI 2. 6

The effects of a similar treatment on a diflerent sample of gelatin in which the gelatin solution was treated with sodium nitrite for a shorter period of time are set forth in Table 0:

Table 0 Weight or on of ngrshn zlllo ii zwhp :1 er w pp 1' sample glarflgowing time tminutas 18 minutes Marshmallow formula containing acid Pound: Pounds cured gelatin pH not adjusted) 3. 54 8. Same exceat ge tin was treated in 14% solution r18 hours with .2 milllequivslant NaNO| per gram oi gelatin 8. 1i 8. 10 Sameexee I, go atin was treated in 14% solution 1' 18 hours with .2 milliequlvalent oi NaNOi per firam and then bleached with .2 mil equivalents oi 8'80; per gram of gelatin 8. l0 2. 95

The improvement in the whipping qualities o! Gelatin for use in marshmallow formulas is readily apparent from an inspection of the tables. The improvement in the texture and .speed of setting of the marshmallows produced by the 5. The method of treating gelatin which comprises deaminizing the gelatin and bleaching the deaminiaed gelatin.

6. The method of treating gelatin which com use of deaminized gelatin is equally pronounced. prises subjecting the gelatin to the action of 11' an alkaline cured gelatin is employed, sumnitrous acid and thereafter bleaching the gelacient acidv should be added to liberate nitrous tin. acid when the gelatin is treated with a nitrite. 7. The method of treating an acid gelatin It will be understood that sodium nitrite has which comprises adding a nitrite thereto.

been set out in the specific examples for ilius- 8. The method 01 treating. an acid gelatin trative purposes and that other nitrites may be which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto. employed in carrying out the present invention. 9. The method of treating an acid gelatin The action of nitrous acid upon the free amino which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto groups in the gelatin molecule may be represent-- and thereafter adding a sulphite to the treated ed by the equation which follows, in which R. gelatin.

represents the gelatin radical and NH: represents 10. The method of treating gelatin which coma free amino group: prises acidifying the gelatin and subjecting the o R o gelatin to the action of nitrous acid. R' Nm+Ho N H+Na+mo 11. The method of treating gelatin which com- 90 It will be understood that any suitable method prises acidifying the gelatin and adding a nitrite for the conversion of the free amino groups to alcohol groups may be employed.

1 claim:

1. The method of treating gelatin which comll prises deaminizing the gelatin.

2. The method of treating gelatin which comprises subjecting the gelatin to the action of nitrous acid.

3. The method of treating gelatin which com- N prises adding a nitrite thereto.

4. The method of treating gelatin which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto.

thereto.

12. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifyingthe gelatin and adding sodium nitrite thereto.

13. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidiiying the gelatin, adding a nitrite thereto, and thereafter bleaching the gelatin.

14. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifying the gelatin, adding sodium nitrite thereof, and thereafter adding a sulphite.

DONALD P. GRE'I'IIE.

Patent No. 2,158 ,11?

May 16, 1939.

DONALD P. GRETTIE. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Page 2, sec- 0nd column, line 50, claim 11;, for the word "thereof" read thereto; and

that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this l th day of July, A. D. 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

of gelatin for use in marshmallow formulas is readily apparent from an inspection of the tables. The improvement in the texture and .speed of setting of the marshmallows produced by the use of deaminized gelatin is equally pronounced.

11' an alkaline cured gelatin is employed, sumcient acidv should be added to liberate nitrous acid when the gelatin is treated with a nitrite. It will be understood that sodium nitrite has been set out in the specific examples for illustrative purposes and that other nitrites may be employed in carrying out the present invention.

The action of nitrous acid upon the free amino groups in the gelatin molecule may be represented by the equation which follows, in which R. represents the gelatin radical and NH: represents a free amino group:

It will be understood that any suitable method for the conversion of the free amino groups to alcohol groups may be employed.

1 claim:

1. The method of treating gelatin which comprises deaminizing the gelatin.

2. The method of treating gelatin which comprises subjecting the gelatin to the action of nitrous acid.

3. The method of treating gelatin which comprises adding a nitrite thereto.

4. The method of treating gelatin which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto.

5. The method of treating gelatin which comprises deaminizing the gelatin and bleaching the deaminized gelatin.

6. The method of treating gelatin which com prises subjecting the gelatin to the action of aitrous acid and thereafter bleaching the gela- 7. The method of treating an acid gelatin which comprises adding a nitrite thereto.

8. The method oi treating. an acid gelatin which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto.

9. The method of treating an acid gelatin which comprises adding sodium nitrite thereto and thereafter adding a sulphite to the treated gelatin.

10. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifying the gelatin and subjecting the gelatin to the action of nitrous acid.

11. The method of treating gelatin which oomprises acidifying the gelatin and adding a nitrite thereto.

12. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifyingthe gelatin and adding sodium nitrite thereto.

13, The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifying the gelatin, adding a nitrite thereto, and thereafter bleaching the gelatin.

14. The method of treating gelatin which comprises acidifying the gelatin, adding sodium nitrite thereof, and thereafter adding a sulphite.

DONALD P. GRE'I'IIE.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,158 ,11?

May 16, 1939.

DONALD P. GRETTIE. It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Page 2, sec- 0nd column, line 50, claim 1h, for the word "thereof" read thereto; and

that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may, conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this hth day of July, A. D. 1959.

Henry Van Arsdale (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

